Cucumber BDD Tutorial: Полное Руководство по Behavior Driven Development

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
        <artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
        <version>7.15.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
        <artifactId>cucumber-testng</artifactId>
        <version>7.15.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
        <version>4.17.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

npm install @cucumber/cucumber --save-dev

# login.feature
Feature: User Login
  As a registered user
  I want to log into my account
  So that I can access my dashboard

  Background:
    Given the user is on the login page

  Scenario: Successful login with valid credentials
    When the user enters email "user@example.com"
    And the user enters password "password123"
    And the user clicks the login button
    Then the user should see the dashboard
    And the welcome message should contain "Welcome"

  Scenario: Failed login with invalid password
    When the user enters email "user@example.com"
    And the user enters password "wrongpassword"
    And the user clicks the login button
    Then the user should see an error message "Invalid credentials"

// LoginSteps.java
package com.example.steps;

import io.cucumber.java.en.*;
import static org.testng.Assert.*;

public class LoginSteps {

    private LoginPage loginPage;
    private DashboardPage dashboardPage;

    @Given("the user is on the login page")
    public void userIsOnLoginPage() {
        loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
        loginPage.navigateTo();
    }

    @When("the user enters email {string}")
    public void userEntersEmail(String email) {
        loginPage.enterEmail(email);
    }

    @When("the user enters password {string}")
    public void userEntersPassword(String password) {
        loginPage.enterPassword(password);
    }

    @When("the user clicks the login button")
    public void userClicksLoginButton() {
        dashboardPage = loginPage.clickLogin();
    }

    @Then("the user should see the dashboard")
    public void userShouldSeeDashboard() {
        assertTrue(dashboardPage.isDisplayed());
    }

    @Then("the welcome message should contain {string}")
    public void welcomeMessageShouldContain(String expectedText) {
        String actualMessage = dashboardPage.getWelcomeMessage();
        assertTrue(actualMessage.contains(expectedText));
    }

    @Then("the user should see an error message {string}")
    public void userShouldSeeErrorMessage(String expectedError) {
        String actualError = loginPage.getErrorMessage();
        assertEquals(actualError, expectedError);
    }
}

Feature: Login Validation

  Scenario Outline: Login with various credentials
    Given the user is on the login page
    When the user enters email "<email>"
    And the user enters password "<password>"
    And the user clicks the login button
    Then the login result should be "<result>"
    And the message should be "<message>"

    Examples:
      | email              | password    | result  | message              |
      | user@example.com   | password123 | success | Welcome back         |
      | admin@example.com  | admin123    | success | Welcome admin        |
      | user@example.com   | wrongpass   | failure | Invalid credentials  |
      |                    | password123 | failure | Email is required    |
      | user@example.com   |             | failure | Password is required |

@Then("the login result should be {string}")
public void loginResultShouldBe(String expectedResult) {
    if (expectedResult.equals("success")) {
        assertTrue(dashboardPage.isDisplayed());
    } else {
        assertTrue(loginPage.hasError());
    }
}

@Then("the message should be {string}")
public void messageShouldBe(String expectedMessage) {
    String actual = getCurrentMessage();
    assertEquals(actual, expectedMessage);
}

// Hooks.java
package com.example.steps;

import io.cucumber.java.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class Hooks {

    private static WebDriver driver;

    @BeforeAll
    public static void beforeAll() {
        // Выполняется один раз перед всеми сценариями
        System.out.println("Запуск тестового suite");
    }

    @Before
    public void before(Scenario scenario) {
        // Выполняется перед каждым сценарием
        driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        System.out.println("Запуск: " + scenario.getName());
    }

    @Before("@smoke")
    public void beforeSmoke() {
        // Только для сценариев с тегом @smoke
        System.out.println("Запуск smoke теста");
    }

    @After
    public void after(Scenario scenario) {
        // Выполняется после каждого сценария
        if (scenario.isFailed()) {
            // Скриншот при падении
            byte[] screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot) driver)
                .getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES);
            scenario.attach(screenshot, "image/png", "failure-screenshot");
        }
        driver.quit();
    }

    @AfterAll
    public static void afterAll() {
        // Выполняется один раз после всех сценариев
        System.out.println("Тестовый suite завершён");
    }

    public static WebDriver getDriver() {
        return driver;
    }
}

@regression
Feature: User Management

  @smoke @critical
  Scenario: Create new user
    Given I am logged in as admin
    When I create a new user
    Then the user should be created

  @slow
  Scenario: Generate user report
    Given I am on the reports page
    When I generate a full user report
    Then the report should be downloaded

# Только smoke тесты
mvn test -Dcucumber.filter.tags="@smoke"

# Regression но не slow тесты
mvn test -Dcucumber.filter.tags="@regression and not @slow"

# smoke ИЛИ critical
mvn test -Dcucumber.filter.tags="@smoke or @critical"

// LoginPage.java
public class LoginPage {
    private WebDriver driver;
    private WebDriverWait wait;

    private By emailField = By.id("email");
    private By passwordField = By.id("password");
    private By loginButton = By.id("login-btn");
    private By errorMessage = By.className("error");

    public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
        this.wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
    }

    public void navigateTo() {
        driver.get("https://example.com/login");
    }

    public void enterEmail(String email) {
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(emailField))
            .sendKeys(email);
    }

    public void enterPassword(String password) {
        driver.findElement(passwordField).sendKeys(password);
    }

    public DashboardPage clickLogin() {
        driver.findElement(loginButton).click();
        return new DashboardPage(driver);
    }

    public String getErrorMessage() {
        return wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(errorMessage))
            .getText();
    }
}

// TestRunner.java
package com.example.runners;

import io.cucumber.testng.AbstractTestNGCucumberTests;
import io.cucumber.testng.CucumberOptions;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;

@CucumberOptions(
    features = "src/test/resources/features",
    glue = "com.example.steps",
    plugin = {
        "pretty",
        "html:target/cucumber-reports/report.html",
        "json:target/cucumber-reports/report.json"
    },
    tags = "@smoke or @regression"
)
public class TestRunner extends AbstractTestNGCucumberTests {

    @Override
    @DataProvider(parallel = true)
    public Object[][] scenarios() {
        return super.scenarios();
    }
}

name: Cucumber Tests

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Set up JDK
        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
        with:
          java-version: '17'
          distribution: 'temurin'

      - name: Run Cucumber tests
        run: mvn test -Dcucumber.filter.tags="@smoke"

      - name: Publish report
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        if: always()
        with:
          name: cucumber-report
          path: target/cucumber-reports/